controlled growth of hematite (α-fe(sub)2( sub)o(sub)3( sub)) nanorod array on fluorine doped tin oxide synthesis and photoele.doc
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controlled growth of hematite (α-fe(sub)2( sub)o(sub)3( sub)) nanorod array on fluorine doped tin oxide synthesis and photoele
Controlled growth of hematite (α-Fe(sub)2( sub)O(sub)3( sub)) nanorod array on fluorine doped tin oxide Synthesis and photoele
Controlled growth of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanorod array on fluorine doped tin oxide:Synthesis and photoelectrochemical propertiesH.K. Mulmudia, N. Mathewsa,?, X.C. Doua, L.F. Xia, S.S. Pramanaa, Y.M. Lama,?, S.G. Mhaisalkara,baSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporebEnergy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, Singaporea b s t r a c ta r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 18 May 2011Received in revised form 7 June 2011Accepted 7 June 2011Available online 15 June 2011Keywords:Hematite nanorodsElectrochemical impedance spectroscopyPhotoelectrochemical solar cellMinority charge carriersHematite nanorods were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by hydrothermal meansutilizing urea as a pH regulating agent. XRD for nanorods revealed pure hematite phase after annealing at500 °C for 30 min with preferential orientation in the [110] direction. Electrochemical impedancespectroscopy was carried out to investigate the electrical properties. Using Mott–Schottky analysis, chargecarrier density was estimated to be 5.62×1019cm?3in the hematite nanorod array. Among the nano-structures, the n-type hematite nanorod array showed the best conversion efficiency among the samplesstudied in a two electrode photoelectrochemical cell. Photocurrent measurements versus light intensity wereperformed to investigate the device performance and the limiting factors to the performance were attributedto the short diffusion length of minority charge carriers.? 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1. IntroductionSynthesizing controlled arrays of aligned semiconducting metaloxide nanorods on conducting substrates have attracted a lot ofattention in recent years due to their potential applications inphotovoltaic device[1], light emitting diodes [2], gas sensors [3] andel
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