步进电机课设.docVIP

步进电机控制系统设计 摘要 步进电机是工业生产过程控制及仪表中的主要控制元件之一。例如，在机械结构中，可以用丝杠把角度变成直线位移，也可以用它带动螺旋电位器，调节电压和电流，从而实现对执行机构的控制。在数字控制系统中，由于它可以直接接受计算机输出的数字信号，而不需要进行数/模/转换，可以用起来非常方便。步进电机角位移与控制脉冲间精确同步，若将角位移的改变转变为线性位移、位置、体积、流量等物理量的变化，便可通过硬件电路和软件编程实现对它们的控制。 步进电机作为执行元件的一个显著特点，就是具有快速启停能力。如果负荷不超过步进电机所提供的动态转矩值，就能使步进电机在“一刹那”间启动或停转。一般步进电机的步进速率为每秒200~1000步，如果步进电机是以逐渐加速到到最高转速，然后再逐渐减速到零的方式工作，其步进速率增加1~2步，仍然不会失掉一步。 步进电机的另一个显著特点是精确度高。在没有齿轮转动的情况下，步距角可以由每步90°低到每步0.36°。 正因为步进电机具有快速启停、精确步进以及能直接接受数字量的特点，所以使其在定位场合中得到了广泛的应用。如在绘图机、打印机及光学仪器中，都采用步进电机来定位绘图笔、印字头或光学镜头。特别是在工业过程控制的位置控制系统中，由于步进电机精度高以及不用位移传感器即可达到精确地定位，应用越来越广泛。 关键词：步进电机；特点；定位场合；广泛应用  Stepper motor control system design Abstract Stepper motor is the industrial production process control and instrumentation in one of the major control components. For example, in the mechanical structure, can screw into a linear displacement of the point of view, you can also use it to drive spiral potentiometer to regulate voltage and current in order to achieve the implementation of institutional control. In the digital control system, because it can accept the computer output of digital signals without the need for D / / converter can be used is very convenient. Stepper motor angular displacement and precise synchronization between the control pulse, hence the change in angular displacement into linear displacement, position, volume, and other physical changes can be programmed by hardware circuitry and software to achieve control over them.????? Stepper motor as the actuator, a notable feature is a quick start and stop capability. If the load does not exceed the dynamic stepper motor provides the torque values??, can make the stepper motor in the moment between the start or stop. General stepping motor stepping rate of 200 to 1000 steps per second, if the stepper motor is to gradually accelerate to maximum speed, then slow down gradually to zero way to work, the step rate increased by 1 to 2 steps, still will not lose a step.Stepper motor is another notable featur