26直接引语与间接引语.ppt

Lecture 27: Direct and Indirect Speech 定义 直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。 例：He said: It is too late. 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。 例：He said it was too late. 直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题 第一：人称的变化。 主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。例如： 直接引语 She said: I am hungry. 间接引语 She said she was hungry. 第二：时态变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。  直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 注意： 1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。 例如：Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth. Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. 2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。 例如：She said: I went to England in 1998. She said she went to England in 1998. 3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。 He says: I bought you a book yesterday. He says that he bought me a book yesterday. 第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。 第四：句式上的变化 1、直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，由连词that 引导。例如： She said: “I am very happy to help you.” She said that she was very happy to help you. 2、直接引语是一般、选择或反问疑问句，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： He asked me: “Do you come from China?” He asked me if/whether I came from China. 注意：大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or not,或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。例如： She asked whether he could do it or not. They cried out whether he was all right. 3、直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词who ,whom, whose, how, when, why, where等引导。例如： My sister asked me : “ Who is your friend?” My sister asked me who my friend was. 4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。 一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等 二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式 四去：去掉please 例：He said to her: Dont take the book away. He asked her not to take the book away. 5.感叹句变为间接引语 What awful weather it is! she said. She complained about the awful weather. What a bright girl you are. He said to me. He praised me that I was a bright girl. NOTES （1）直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如： They told their son: “The earth goes round the sun.” They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. （2）直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间、地点状语作相应的变化。例如： this/that , these/those, now/th