3 破解阅读理解答案选项八大密笈.ppt

破解阅读理解答案选项八大秘笈 任何一门考试，只要你把握了命题老师的出题思路，就一定能得高分，这是客观事实。因为老师总喜欢揣摩着怎样去考倒学生，问题怎么提，选项怎么设置，这已是一种思维定势，形成了规律，值得我们来研究。本节所列八大阅读秘笈，都是脱离原文阅读材料来分析答案选项，旨在把文章阅读转换为选项阅读，从而大大缩减阅读量，这对基础差或考试时时间紧张的考生来说无疑是一个福音（仅供参考）。 1: 包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A项的理解概括了对其他三项（或其中某一项）的理解，那么我们就说A项与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，因为花包含了玫瑰。例如： Living in a residence hall carries certain obligation (). You have to be considerate of others, especially during study hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should be short. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant of another person’s habits that may differ from your own. Q: What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitory? A: Your roommate’s telephone calls. B: Habits that may differ from your own. C: Visits by your roommate’s friends. D: Roommates who are unsanitary. 【讲解】答案为B。通过分析这四个选项风们可以看出，B “与你不同的生活习惯”其实就包含并概括了其他三个选项，即A “室友的电话”、C “室友的朋友来访”、 D “室友不爱卫生”，这些都是你不能接受的生活习惯。再如： Q: The three examples are cited to show that ______________. A: quit smoking is necessary B: healthy habits benefit our health C: fruits and vegetables are better than milk D: we should drink more water everyday 【讲解】答案为B。显而易见，B为包含项，概括了A、C、D三项，即“quit smoking, have more fruits and vegetables and drink water”都是”healthy habits”。 包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面且概况性强的往往是正确答案。 2: 正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那么我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B当中取其一。例如： They feel they are poor listeners when they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she or he is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears. Q: According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when _______. A. we are emotionally tired B. we are physically tired C. we are so interested in the topic D. we are asked any questions 【讲解】答案为A。四个选项中，A与C陈述互相矛盾，互为正反项，而且必有一个是真，所以我们可以先排除B、D，然后再结合我们下文将要提及的常识项原则，可以把答案定为A。例如： The main