[工学]3 Polymer Solutions.ppt

3 Polymer Solutions and Multicomponent systems 高分子溶液与多组分体系 Dilute solution concentrated solution 稀溶液和浓溶液 Study on dilute solution is of key importance on the formation of polymer science研究高分子稀溶液对高分子科学的形成起了关键作用? Chain conformation 链构象? Molecular weight 分子量? Radius of gyration 旋转半径 3.1 The solubility parameter 溶度参数 Dissolution of polymers高分子的溶解 Dissolution process is much slower than low molecules 高分子的溶解速度远低于小分子 Crosslinked polymers can only swell (溶胀)，not dissolve (溶解) 交联高分子只能溶胀，不能溶解 The higher the molecular weight of the polymer, the more difficult it is to select a good solvent 分子量越大越难溶解 Polymer-polymer mutual solutions are even more difficult to attain 高分子－高分子溶液（共混物）更难得到 Free energy of dissolution 溶解自由能 Solubility parameter and solubility 溶度参数与溶解度 Definitions of Solubility parameter溶度参数的定义 Cohesive energy density内聚能密度 Cohesive energy density of linear polymers线型高分子的内聚能密度 Solubility parameter of polymers部分高分子的溶度参数 Solubility parameter of solvents部分溶剂的溶度参数 Mixed solvent 混合溶剂 Experimental Determination of ?溶度参数的实验测定 Experimental Determination of ?溶度参数的实验测定 Theoretical calculation of ?溶度参数的理论计算 Group molar attraction constant 摩尔基团作用常数 计算实例 3.2 Thermodynamics of mixing 混合热力学 Ideal Solution 理想溶液 In an ideal solution, the interaction between solute and solvent are equivalent 理想溶液中溶剂与溶质之间的作用相等 Thermodynamics of ideal solution理想溶液的热力学 Thermodynamics of regular solution正规溶液的热力学 Thermodynamics of polymer solutions高分子溶液的热力学 Entropy 混合熵 Enthalpy 混合焓 Flory temperature and ? solutionsFlory温度和?溶液 Osmotic pressure 渗透压 The second virial coefficient 第二维利系数 ?-condition and intermolecular excluded volume ? 条件与分子间排斥体积 3.3 Phase separation in polymer solutions 高分子溶液的相分离 Phase diagram of polymer-solvent systems 高分子溶液的相图 Critical point of phase separation 临界相分离点 Precipitation fractionation 沉淀分级 3.4 Polymer-polymer phase separation 聚合物-聚合物相分离 Thermodynamics of phase separation 相分离热力学 ?S 0，有利于混合 相分离的临界条件 Dynamics of phase