理解公共政策（双语）重点完善.doc

1、Policy analysis is concerned with “who gets what” in politics and, more importantly, “why” and “what difference it makes.” We are concerned not only with what policies governments pursue , but why governments pursue the policies they do , and what the consequences of these policies are . 政策分析所关心的问题是政治生活中“谁获得”，而“为什么”以及“它有什么影响”却更为重要。我们要关心的不仅是政府所要推行的政策，还有政府为什么要推行这些政策，以及这些政策的后果是什么。 2、Eight analytic models（八个政治模型） Institutional model （制度模型）Group model （团体模型） Process model （过程模型） Elite model （精英模型） Rational model （理性模型） Public choice model （公共选择理论） Incremental model （渐进模型）Game theory model （博弈理论） 3、Definition of policy（政策的定义） Public policy is whatever governments choose to do or not to do . Reasons :why study public policy ? 为什么研究公共政策？ scientific understanding （科学的理解）understanding the causes and consequences of policy decisions improves our knowledge of society.理解政策抉择的前因后果可以增进我们对社会的认识。 professional advice （专业的建议）public policy can also be studied for professional reasons政策研究还可能处于专业的原因。 policy recommendations （政策的建议）finally,public policy can be studied for political purposes.最后，公共政策的研究还可能出于政治的原因。 4、The difference between policy analysis and policy advocacy. Policy advocacy（政策鼓动） requires the skills of rhetoric, persuasion, organization, and activism. Policy analysis encourages scholars and students to attack critical policy issues with the tools of systematic inquiry. 政策鼓动需要修辞、劝说、组织和积极行动。政策分析则鼓励学者和学生们运用系统研究的方法，对一些关键性的政策提出批评。Specifically, policy analysis involves: Policy ananlysis involves （政策分析包括） ①A primary concern with explanation rather than prescription.关心解释而不是开处方。 ②A rigorous search for the causes and consequences of public policies.对公共政策前因后果的严格研究。 An effort to develop and test general propositions about the causes and consequences of public policy and to accumulate reliable research findings of general relevance.大胆提出和小心验证关于公共政策前因后果的一般性命题。 5、Policy analysis as art and craft（作为艺术和技术的政策分析） It is an art because it requires insight ,creativity,and imagination