〖医学〗新兴的感染疾病教材-课件.ppt

Emerging infectious diseases新興的感染疾病;International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases;Major subjects ;Definition;Causes of the diseases- a reflection of human and microbial ecology;Legionnaries’disease 退伍軍人症;The microbes- Virus (病毒) and Bacteria (細菌) - differentiated on the basis of size?; The giant virus- Mimivirus ;Giant bacteria;Namibia Sulfur Pearl ;The origin of SARS-CoV- a zoonosis?;Enterovirus 71 (1998~ );- A new host;Generation of a reassortant virus - broad host range and segmented genome;Avian flu virus;; - A novel bacteria ;Multi-drug resistant bacteria;New hope; Prion;Scrapie and Kuru; The 1st Nobel Prize for prion study;Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD);Transmission of CJD;Blood transfusion and spread of variant vCJD;Inheritable CJD- prnp;Prion protein (PrP);The 2nd Nobel prize- Prion pathogenesis;Bio-weapon: bio-safety P4 level;Biological weapon (Germ warfare);Smallpox (Variola);Ebola hemorrhagic fever;;Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome;Rapid diagnosis, control and prevention;;抗體晶片; ;; Preparedness - the next influenza pandemic;Generation of a pandemic influenza vaccine strain;;;;多种 ?? 肺炎 细菌均可引起大叶性肺炎，但绝大多数为肺炎链球菌，其中以Ⅲ型致病力最强。肺炎链球菌为革兰阳性球菌，有荚膜，其致病力是由于高分子多糖体的荚膜对组织的侵袭作用。少数为肺炎杆菌、金黄*色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌等。肺炎链球菌为口腔及鼻咽部的正常寄生菌群，若呼吸道的排菌自净功能及机体的抵抗力正常时，不引发肺炎。当机体受寒、过度疲劳、醉酒、感冒、糖尿病、免疫功能低下等使呼吸道防御功能被削弱，细菌侵入肺泡通过变态反应使肺泡壁毛细血管通透性增强，浆液及纤维素渗出，富含蛋白的渗出物中细菌迅速繁殖，并通过肺泡间孔或呼吸细支气管向邻近肺组织蔓延，波及一个肺段或整个肺叶。大叶间的蔓延系带菌的渗出液经叶支气管播散所致。 编辑本段临床表现 　　多数起病急骤，常有受凉淋雨、劳累、病毒感染等诱因，约1/3患病前有上呼吸道感染。病程7~10天。 　　（一）寒战、高热：典型病例以突然寒战起病，继之高热，体温可高达39℃~40℃，呈稽留热型，常伴有头痛、全身肌肉酸痛，食量减少。抗生素使用后热型可不典型，年老体弱者可仅有低热或不发热。