胡壮麟版《语言学教程》-第三章Chapter3-----Lexicon-总结.pptVIP

Chapter3 Lexicon 3.1 What is word? 3.1.1 Three senses of “word” 3.1.2 Identification of words 3.1.3 Classification of words 3.2 The formation of word 3.2.2 Types of morphemes The difference between root, stem base A base can be added by both inflectional derivational affixes while a stem can be added only by inflectional affixes; A base is derivationally analyzable (e.g. undesire in undesirable) while a root cannot be further analyzed, e.g. desire in undesirable; Root, stem and base can be the same form, e.g. desire in desired; Undesirable in undesirables is either a stem or a base Desirable in undesirable is only a base. 3.2.3 Inflection and word formation Compounds are written in different ways. Some can be written as a single word,such as bodyguard,seashore,daylight. a single word (e.g. bodyguard), Some can be joined with a hyphen -,such as rest-room, self-confidence. joined with a hyphen (e.g. traffic-light), Some can be written with ordinary space between the two parts,such as clothes moth,washing machine. two parts with an ordinary space (e.g. washing machine). 3.2.4 Sememe VS.Mopheme Phoneme VS.Morpheme 3.3 Lexical change (1) Invention 新创词语 Since economic activities are the most important and dynamic in human life, many new lexical items come directly from the consumer items, their producers or their brand names. （introduction of new words to languages.） e.g.Kodak, coke, nylon, band-aid, Xerox, Lycra. (2) Blending 混成法 Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words. (a relative complex form of compounding) e.g. smog,telex,brunch. smoke+ fog → smog Digital +computer → digicom trample+ stamp → stample Fusion(熔合)-- cognitive blending 3. Abbreviation / clipping 缩写法 A new word is created by cutting the final part, cutting the initial part or cuttin