英语国家概况-历史.pptVIP

Timelines (mainly Britain) I. Prehistoric  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *  The Norman Conquest Significance the best-known event in English history. regarded as the real beginning of British history confiscated almost all the land and gave it to Norman followers. replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. so the feudal system was completely established in England relations with the Continent were opened and civilization and commerce were extended Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were introduced  Norman House (1066-1135) William’s Rule (1066-1087) Successors : three sons Robert gained Normandy William Rufus (William II) gained England (Killed) Henry I (1068-1135)gained a large sum of money. After William II died, he gained England crown. Henry had no sons, so King Stephen took the crown with the compromise of receiving Henry, son of Henry’s daughter, as joint ruler. After King Stephen’s death, Henry became king Henry II  Plantagenet House(1154-1485) Henry II (1133-1180) son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matila Achievements: Built up a large empire which included England and more than half of France. Reform of the courts and the law. Strengthened the king’s court and extended its judicial work. Common law and jury system came out common law: the unwritten law common to the whole people and is “case-made”  Great Charter (1215) Plantagenet House(1154-1485) 1. background Henry IIs successor was Richard (1189-1199), nicknamed the Lionheart, who spent most of his time out of England on crusades. After Richards death, the English throne was taken by his brother John who was one of the most unpopular kings of England. He lost his French possessions and for that reason was nicknamed Lackland. He demanded more feudal taxes and army service to avenge himself on France  Great Charter (1215) Plantagenet House(1154-1485) 2. Process King John quarreled with the barons who forced him to sign the G