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[所有分类]20012004年考研阅读试题
★历年考研英语真题(2001-2004)
2001 年考研阅读试题
2001 年考研阅读试题
年考考研研阅阅读读试试题题
Passage1
Passage1
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Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation
of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could
continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But
specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the
process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific
activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:
exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a
connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community
and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the
nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training,
implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most
obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,
andcanbeillustratedinterms ofthe developmentofgeology intheUnitedKingdom.
Acomparison of British geological publications over the last centuryand a half reveals
not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing
definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century,
local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the
twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable
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