在英语阅读理解中如何做主旨大意题.DOCVIP

在英语阅读理解中如何做主旨大意题 福清龙西中学 王晶 摘要：在我国现行的高考英语试题中,阅读理解占有举足轻重的地位。该题不仅是整体上占总分比重最大的题型(约占26.7%),也是每小题分值最高的题型。阅读理解题分数的高低直接决定着英语考试的成败。高中英语课程要特别着重培养学生用英语获取信息、处理信息和传达信息的能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力。高考试卷,阅读理解题大致分为四种题型,即:事实细节题型、猜测词义题型、主旨大意题型和推理判断题型。属于中等难度试题,在近的高考平均每年有道题左右。其常见的提问方式有以下几种:对文章中某一段落的中心思想进行提问,如:为文章挑选最佳标题,如:解答这类题可以运用如下方法：on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns. … The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. 64What’s the main idea of the passage? ABusinesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers. BCompanies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions. C Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home. D Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness. 本篇文章为说明文。做说明文的主旨大意题，直接从文章的首尾两段下手，作者往往会在首段开门见山说出他的写作意图，然后在末段总结概括他要阐述的问题或观点。当遇到议论文也可这么做的。不管怎么样，首尾段一定包含着重要的信息。 再来看这道题，首段第二句有个“however”是关键词，所以我们的重点放在“however”后一句话However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns. 再抓出信息词“environmental concerns”，排除选项A,C，接着看末段The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. 最后一段第二句是Mr. Morrison的原话，可以先不读，而只读前面的观点。第一句很明显可以看出这环保是包括企业和顾客双方的，而B选项是个选项陷阱，只说到企业的，以偏概全，故选D项。 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。 例3（NEMT 2011）Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.