法律英语第九课.ppt

法律英语 Lesson Nine Contract Law The web of the law May not be quite seamless 法律之网可能并非结实无缝 They are not ironclad and unchanging 法律并非打不破和不可改变。 Contract Definition A contract is basically an agreement between two or more people which creates an obligation to do, or not do, something. The agreement creates a legal relationship of rights and duties. If the agreement is broken, then the law provides certain remedies. Three Factors There are three factors necessary to create a contract: 1) an offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. One party makes an offer, the second party must accept the offer and there must be consideration exchanged. Consideration has to be something of value. Example of Contracts Employment contracts Service Contracts Building Construction Insurance Contracts Contract involving real property Sale of Intangibles(stocks, bonds, patents, copyrights,etc) Contract law Contract law covers the legal implications of a contract. For instance, contract law determines what is and is not consideration, whether a contract was actually intended, if the parties making the contract were legally competent, whether there was fraud or duress involved, or how a contract is terminated. Background Uniform Commercial Code Consumer Protection Statutes Labor Law Insurance Law 美国合同法 relief?in?the?form?of?specific?performance? 特殊履行的救济方式 the?injunction 禁令（临时或最终的采取或不采取某种行为的命令） the?development?of?so?called maxims?of?equity?law 形成所谓的衡平法座右铭 However,??equitable?relief?regularly?will? lie?only?when?the?common?law?relief?is inadequate.? 不过，只有当普通法救济不充分时，才适用衡平救济。 For?instance,?specific?performance?for?the?purchase?of?real?property will??be?grantedbecause?common??law?damages?are?deemed??to?be?inadequate?since ?they??cannot??compensate?the?buyer in?view?of?the?uniqueness?attributed?to real?property.? 例如，对购买不动产提供特殊履行的救济，因为普通法的赔偿被认为不充分，由于不动产具有特殊性，普通法的赔偿无法补偿买方。 假如房屋的卖方于成交后出尔反尔了，那么买方按普通法原则之规定得提出损害赔偿之诉。但买方如要求强制卖方出售（即要求履行），则买方则援引的是衡平法上的原则了。 Suppose that a vendor of house backs