[文学]5- ROMAN CULTURE.ppt

Lecture Two Roman culture Review: Historical Stages of Ancient Greece I. The Aegean civilization (20 C－12C, B.C. ) II. Dark Age (11C— 8C, B.C. ) III. Archaic Period (8— 6C, B.C. ) IV. Classical Greece (6-4C, B.C. ) V. Hellenistic Period (334 B.C. - AD 30) I. The Aegean civilization (20 C－12C, B.C. ) Cretan Civilization (20-13C,B.C.): the Minoans; linear writing; Non- Indo-European language ↓ Mycenaean Civilization (-12C): the Akhaians, real ancestors of Greeks; Indo-European language ↓ The Trojan War (-1200 -1170 B.C. ): Troy alliance of Greek states II. Dark Age (11C— 9C, B.C. ) The Dorians from the north of mainland Greece, still barbarian tribes, occupied most of the Peloponnesus Period 1050-750 poorly known, called Dark Ages when there were few historical records left. Kings ruled non-urban Greek communities during Dark Ages In the late Dark Ages the Greeks began to form urban centers around a citadel (fortress). These centers are called poleis (singular polis). They were well established by the eighth century The polis (city state) is the characteristic Greek political institution of the Classical period III. Archaic Period (8— 6C, B.C. ) poverty of the land overpopulation ↓ Colonization ↓ A huge period of migration from about 750- 550 The basic procedure A city → colonists → an independent new settlement overseas Sometimes the new city would maintain ties with the metropolis (lit. mother city), though sometimes colonies would become antagonistic to the metropolis. Most colonies were on the coast and generally only took over the immediate area, the interior being left to the locals. IV. Classical Greece (6-4C, B.C. ) A splendid Greek urban civilization. By Greek culture, we mainly refer to the culture of classical Greece (that started around -800), especially of Athens. Classical Greece is the source from which many of the characteristic elements of Western culture derive, and therefore it makes sense to examine this culture. V. Hellenistic Pe