[文学]中国文化概况 chapter 2.ppt

Chapter 2 Philosophy and Religions 本章教学的目的 1. 中国古代哲学发展及内容的基本了解; 2. 中国主要宗教的基本概况; 3. 中国传统美德的继承和发扬。 本章教学的重难点 1. 中国古代哲学的发展史; 2. 中国哲学的基本特点及伦理道德; 3. 中国道教和佛教; 4. 学生PPT展示。 本章教学的时间安排 教师课堂讲解 (70 minutes) Chinese Philosophy (40 minutes) Chinese Religions (30 minutes) PPT 展示 (30 minutes) Chinese Philosophy (40 minutes) The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy (20 minutes) The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy (10 minutes) Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality (10 minutes) The Development of Chinese Philosophy The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学) The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学) Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学) The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学) Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties (宋明理学) Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清实学) The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学) The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家) Confucianism The school takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code (准则) of behavior. It advocates the benevolence and justice, allegiance and forbearance (仁、义、忠、恕), the doctrine of the golden mean (中庸) and values the ethical relations of men. Taoism Based on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble. The school favours the political principle of “achieving good government through non-action”(无为而治) Founded by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, the school advocates the doctrine that the Dao is the course, the principle, the substance, and the standard of all things, to which all of them must conform. Mohism Base on the teaching of Mozi, the school cherishes universal love which states t