[文学]西方文化课程讲义.doc

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT45 西方文化课程讲义 Outline Chapter 1 Greek Culture Chapter 2 Roman Culture Chapter 3 Christian Culture Chapter 4 Medieval Culture Chapter 5 Culture in the Renaissance Chapter 6 Culture in the 17th Century Chapter 7 Culture in the Enlightenment Chapter 8 Romanticism Chapter 9 Realism Chapter 1 Greek Culture Introduction West culture is made up of many elements, two of more enduring are: the Greco-Roman (希腊罗马的)element, and the Judeo-Christian (犹太教和基督教的) element. The foundation of Western culture was laid by the Greeks. Ancient Greece is known for advances in philosophy, architecture, drama, government, and science. The most famous period of ancient Greek civilization is called the classical Age, which lasted from about 500 to 323B.C. During this period, ancient Greeks reached their highest prosperity and produced amazing cultural accomplishments. Unlike most other peoples of the time, Greeks of the Classical Age were not ruled by kings. Greek communities treasured the freedom to govern themselves, although they argued about the best way to do and often warred against each other. They highlighted the ideal of democracy and the importance of the individual. History of Ancient Greece Age of Aegean Civilization ( B.C. 3000—B.C. 1000)爱琴文明时期 Western civilization has a long history as long as Eastern civilization, and has lasted almost 5000 years since the origin ofAegean civilization, which includes two kinds of cultures:Minoan culture (米诺斯文化)and the Mycenaean culture ( 迈锡尼文化). Minoan culture flourished from 3000BC to 1000BC. Its high peak is the ruins of the imperial palace discovered in Knossos(克诺索斯), the capital of the Minoan Dynasty.( 米诺斯王朝) The Dorians ( 多里亚人) from Greece intruded in the 11th century BC and Minoan culture sank into oblivion. The ruins of Mycenaean culture was first discovered by the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the 1870s. Mycenaean culture was created by Achaean(阿卡亚人) in 16th century BC and destroyed by