8-4状语从句iii.docVIP

一．状语从句的定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。 状语从句一般分为九大类： 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 二．状语从句的分类： 1．时间状语从句： 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下： （1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 其连词有：when （当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, once（一旦……）as soon as（一……就……）, the time（当……的时刻）, the moment（当……的时刻）, by the time（到……时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上次……的时候)，immediately（一……就……）, instantly（一……就……）,directly（一……就……）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时hardly /scarcely…when…（刚……就……）, no sooner…than…（刚……就……） Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思） 我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。 As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。 I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。 Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。 = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。 = He had no sooner come home than she started complaining. He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。 She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间 He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。 He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点 She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。 ★as、when、while用法一览表 类别 作 用 例 句 as as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如果从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成时，则多用as，可译为“一边......，一边......” She came up as I was cooking.(同时) The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时) He looked behind from to time as he went