基于中位数众数理论的Tennant法改进与应用.docVIP

基于中位数众数理论的Tennant法改进与应用 郑志宏1，2，黄强1，魏明华1，2，余玲2 （1.西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室，西安710048；2.华北水利水电学院，郑州450011） 摘要：在河流生态径流计算中Tennant法应用比较广泛，但其多年平均流量的确定一直是该方法应用的一个难点，以往使用的平均数有时并不能准确反映总体分布的集中趋势，针对这一问题，通过研究实测数据的统计特性，引入中位数及众数理论，对原Tennant法进行改进，有效的去除了极端数据对统计规律的影响，找出了典型流量过程。将其应用在滦河下游生态径流计算中，通过新老方法的比较，认为采用改进后的计算方法得到的结果更加科学合理。该方法具有原理简单、计算过程“透明”等特点，对河流生态环境研究和水资源合理利用具有指导意义。 关键词：生态径流；Tennant法；中位数；众数；典型流量；滦河下游 Improvement and Application of Tennant Method Based on Median and Mode Theory Zheng Zhi-hong1,2,Huang Qiang1,Wei Ming-hua1,2,Yu Ling2 (1.Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE at Xi,an University of Technology, Xi,an 710048,China; 2. North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power , Zhengzhou 450011,China) Abstract: Tennant method was widely applied on river ecological runoff calculation, but it was very difficult to confirm perennial average flow by this method, the average sometimes did not accurately reflect the central tendency of overall distribution. Therefore, this paper researched statistical character of the practical data and introduces median and mode theory, so as to avoid extreme data effect to statistics by improved Tennant method, and finally found out typical flow process. On the basis of the application on ecological runoff calculation of Luan River downstream and the comaprison between this method and old ones, this paper put forward that the results by this improved method were much more reasonable, that this method took on character of theory simpleness and calculation process clarity, and this method had instructional significance to river ecological environment research and water resources rational use. Key words: ecological runoff; Tennant method; median; mode; typical flow; Luan River downstream 1 前言 河流生态径流计算方法主要包括：水文学方法、水力学方法、生境模拟法（栖息地偏爱法）和整体分析法（BBM法）4种。水文学方法有Tennant法（也叫Montana法）[1]、枯水频率法（也叫7Q10法）[2，3]、德克萨斯法（Texas法）[4]、水生物基流法（ABF法）[5，6]、可变范围法（RAV法）[7]等。目前最适合我国的计算方法是水文指标法，其中Tennant法应用最为广泛，王占兴[8]在分析我国高寒地区水文气象特征