天津地区护士职业倦怠状况的调查.docVIP

天津地区护士职业倦怠状况及其影响因素 高健 天津中医药大学（天津，300192） [摘要] 目的 探讨分析天津地区护士职业倦怠状况及影响因素。方法 采用护士职业倦怠问卷(Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI)、护士工作压力源量表对350名在职护士进行问卷调查。结果 ①病房护士的职业倦怠程度高于门诊；工作职称越高，职业倦怠程度越低；个人月收入越低,职业倦怠程度越高。②相关性分析结果表明, 情绪耗竭、去人格化维度与护士工作压力源5个方面存在正相关,低个人成就感与护士工作压力源5个方面呈负相关。③回归分析结果提示, 护士总体工作压力对情绪耗竭、去人格化和低个人成就感3个维度均具有预测作用；个人月收入和职称对情绪耗竭和低个人成就感2个维度均具有预测作用；工作类型对情绪耗竭、来自专业及工作的压力对去人格化均具有预测作用。结论 不同的工作压力源和个人背景对护士职业倦怠的3个维度具有不同的预测作用。提示改善相关影响因素,有助于减轻护士的职业倦怠感。 [关键词] 护士; 职业倦怠; 工作压力源; 影响因素 A Survey of Nurses’ Burnout in Tianjin Region Jian Gao Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine （300192） Abstract Objective: Exploring nurses’ burnout condition in Tianjin Region and analyzing the influencing factors. Method: Surveying 350 employed nurses by Maslach Burnout Inventory and Nurse Job Stressor Questionnaire.Result: ①The job burnout of nurses is higher than of clinician; the higher the Professional titles, the lower the burnout extent; the lower of the salary, the higher the job burnout. ②Correlational analysis suggests positive correlation exists between emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and five aspects of the stressor of job burnout, while negative correlation between low sense of achievement and five aspects of the stressor of job burnout. ③Regressive analysis suggests the overall pressure suffered by nurses predicts emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement; monthly salary and professional title predicts emotional exhaustion and low sense of achievement; type of work predicts emotional exhaustion, and pressure from profession and work predicts depersonalization. Conclusion: Different stressors and personal background predict three dimensions of nurses’ job burnout at various extents. This study suggests nurses’ job burnout could be relieved by improving certain influencing factors. Key Word: Nurse; occupational burnout, sources for occupational pressure, influencing factors 1. 问题的提出 职业倦怠是用来描述那些供职于助人行业的人们因工作时间过长、工作量过大、工作强度过高所经历的一种疲惫不堪的状态[1]，是指个体因不能有