11、Sensory Systems (Lijun Kang20140414).ppt

Thermoreceptors Thermoreceptor TRP channels tuned to detect different temperatures Adaptations of thermoreceptors. Thank You! LIJUN KANG INSTITUTE OF NEUROSCIENCE ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY KANGLIJUN@ZJU.EDU.CN 2014.06.12 THE STRUCTURE OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM Anatomy of the Cochlea 耳蜗的三个管腔（前庭阶、中阶和鼓阶） Cochlea Hair Cells Piotr Kazmierczak (Trends in Neurosciences, 2012) Hair cells and their mechanotransduction machinery Depolarization of a hair cell Tip-Link Sensory TRPs (Transient Receptor Channel) Part III: The Somatic Sensory System Somatic sensation enables our body to feel, to ache, to chill, and to know what its parts are doing Touch Pain Temperature … Sensation of touch Receptive Field 感受野 Mechanoreceptors of the Skin Molecules that govern touch sensitivity in mammalian somatosensory neurons Touch-sensitive axons in the spinal cord 背根节神经元 dorsal root ganglion cell （DRG cell） 背柱-内侧丘系 The dorsal column–medial lemniscal pathway The Sensory Homunculus is an image that shows the relative amount of cerebral cortex surface area given over to processing the different sensory inputs and motor outputs of human nervous system Sensory Homunculus PAIN Pain is the feeling, or the perception, of irritating, sore, stinging, aching, throbbing, miserable, or unbearable sensations arising from a part of the body. Nociception (痛觉) is the sensory process that provides the signals that trigger pain. mechanical nociceptors, selective responses to strong pressure; thermal nociceptors, selective responses to burning heat or extreme cold; chemical nociceptors, selective responses to histamine and other chemicals; polymodal nociceptors respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. Nociceptors and the Transduction of Painful Stimuli Peripheral chemical mediators of pain and hyperalgesia Hyperalgesia 痛觉过敏 舒缓激肽 bradykinin 前列腺素 prostaglandins P 物质 substance P The spinothalamic pathway The Endogenous Opiates Opiate 鸦片剂,麻醉剂 Opium and their analogues—including morph