英语结构框架2.docVIP

英语结构--2Ⅰ.句子 句子成分：主谓宾表，定状补同 ；主干枝叶，须分清楚 主干成分，主谓宾表 ；枝叶成分，定状补同 句子结构：按交际功能：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 按句子结构：简单句、并列句、复合句 Ⅱ.句子成分 主语-S: 表示句子描述的是 “谁” 或“什么”, 是谓语的陈述对象, 通常由名词（如boy），主格代词（如you）， 动词不定式，动名词，主语从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ The boy comes from America. He usually went to school alone. Studying English is very important. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. That he won the prize excited everyone. It is important for us to have our dreams. It 作形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正的宾语. It is obvious that he was wrong. It 作形式主语，that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语。 It is no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收 It 作形式主语，crying over the spilt milk 动名词短语作真正的主语。 二．谓语—V 说明主语的动作,状态或特征.由动词或动词短语充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成.谓语的位置一般出现在主语之后。 动词分为：行为动词、系动词、助动词 1. 实义动词为行为动词。它是表示动作的动词，能单独做谓语。进一步可以分为及物动词(如believe, lend, make, win等）和不及物动词(如happen, sleep, work等） 1. He works in a bank. 2. She likes the idea. 3. I’ll take care of the expenses. 4. I got there at six o’clock. 5. I have finished my homework. 2. 系动词：系动词本身有意思,但不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等。包括： be 动词 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, get, go 感官系动词：feel, look,watch,see,notice,observe, smell, sound, taste,hear. 持续性系动词：keep, remain, stay 表“像”系动词：seem, appear, look 终止性系动词：prove, turn out The girl felt cold. 2. I am a teacher. 3.He proved a trustworthy friend. 4. He has gone mad. 5. All you have to do is to press this button. 6 I am off to Europe on Monday. 3. 助动词：have, be, do 等。 助动词一般没有意义，不能单独做谓语。助动词的作用主要帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。 如：He is waiting for the bus. He has made up his mind. Do you love me? 情态动词：can, could, may, might, must, should, need, have to, ought to, dare等 *简单谓语: 凡是一个动词构成的，不管是什么时态，语态，语气，都属于简单谓语。 She will be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd. He has been designing a new plane model. *复合谓语：① 情态动词+ 动词原形 ②used to +V. ③isn’t going to +V. ④have got to +v. ⑤ 被动语态 Eg. 1. His parents are teachers. 系动词+表语 2. The sun rises in the east.实义动词（vi.） We have finished rea