book7Unit1DisabilitiesGrammar动词不定式.docVIP

不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。 结构:to do(否定)not/never to do 二.时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing --------- 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.) (2).He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (3).She pretended to have known it before. (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 1.作主语 2.作宾语 3.作宾语补足语 4.作定语 5.作状语 6.作表语 7.作独立成分 8.与疑问词等连用 三.用法/功能 (1).主语 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well. 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后. (2).表语 My job o help the patient. Your task to clean the classroom. (3)宾语 I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. Think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage,pretend, plan. warn, tell, ask, force (4).宾补 The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. 五看Watch,Observe,Notice,look at,see 三使Make,let,have二听Hear,listen to一感觉:feel 注意 1help后面的“to”可省去 e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water. 2see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动语态不省to） e.g.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me). 3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to. .She could do nothing but cry. (2).I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep. (5).定语 I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.) 请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： (1)动宾关系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系He is always the first to come.他