毕业设计（论文）-H桥PWM数字直流调速系统设计精选.doc

摘 要 随着现代化步伐的加快，人民生活水平的提高，对自动化的需求也越来越高。直流电动机因其具有调节转速比较灵活、方法简单、易于大范围内平滑调速、控制性能好等特点，应用领域越来越大，这就对电动机的控制提出了极高的要求。应用于直流电机的调速方式很多，其中以PWM脉宽调制调速方式应用最为广泛，而PWM脉宽调制中，H型PWM脉宽调制的性能尤为突出。 本文是基于H型PWM数字直流调速系统设计，对各个部分分别进行论证，力图在每个组成单元上都达到最好的系统性能。它以单片机为控制核心，由双闭环（电流环和转速环）、驱动电路、电流检测、键盘输入、LED数码管显示、报警电路等几部分组成。采用全控型大功率晶体管GTR，可方便的控制其通断，因此它组成的H型PWM调速系统除结构简单外，更具有开关频率高、主回路脉动成分小、低速运行性能好等优势。 关键词：单片机 PWM 直流电动机 GTR Abstract With the accelerated pace of modernization, the peoples living standards improve, the demand for automation is increasingly high. DC motor it has a more flexible, adjust the speed, the method is simple, easy-to large-scale smooth speed control and good performance characteristics, application areas is growing, demand the very best this motor control. Applied to the DC motor speed control There are many ways, the most widely used of which the PWM pulse width modulation speed control applications, the PWM pulse width modulation, especially the performance of H-type PWM pulse width modulation. This article is based on the H-type PWM digital DC speed control system design, the various parts of the argument, trying to achieve the best performance in each component unit. MCU control core, double closed-loop (current loop and speed loop), the drive circuit, the current detection, keyboard input, LED digital display, alarm circuit composed of several parts. Full-controlled power transistors GTR, the control off, it is composed of H-type PWM speed control system apart from the simple structure, but also has a high switching frequency, the small pulsation composition of the main circuit, running at low speed performance and other advantages. Keywords: microcontroller PWM DC motor GTR 目 录 第1章 概 述 - 1 - 1.1 问题的引出 - 1 - 1.2 直流电动机控制的发展史 - 1 - 1.3 PWM数字直流调速的特点 - 3 - 1.3.1 PWM直流调速的特点 - 3 - 1.3.2 电动机微机控制的特点 - 3 - 1.4 本设计的主要内容 - 4 - 第2章 方案的设计及论证 - 5 - 2.1 控制方案的选择 - 5 - 2.2 控制器及元器件的选择与设计 - 6 - 2.2.1 控制器的选择 - 6 - 2.2.2 晶体管的选择 - 7 - 2.2.3 电动机的选择 - 7 - 2.2.4 电流调节器的设计 - 8 - 2.2