毕业设计（论文）-浅论物理科学方法精选.doc

浅论物理科学方法 巢湖学院物理与电子科学系06物理学 摘 要：物理科学方法就是研究物理现象、描述物理现象、实施物理实验、总结物理规律、检验物理规律时所应用的各种手段与方法。在严格的科学条件限制下，通过严密的观察实验（观察与实验方法 ），严格的逻辑推理（科学的思维方法与数学方法等），去伪存真，去粗取精，由此及彼，由表及里，找到事物内各部分之间及事物与外部环境的相互关系和相互作用，确定由相互作用产生的结构、运动变化和因果关系，形成规律性知识。在物理科学研究和学习中主要有实验观察法、理想化模型方法、假说法、数学方法、分析与综合方法等常用的方法。科学教育是基础教育的基本内容，也是现代文明的基础，按照现代科学观和科学教育观，科学教育不应该只是科学知识的教育，它应该包括科学知识、科学方法、科学态度和科学精神。爱因斯坦在总结自己成功的秘密时，提出了一个公式：A（成功）=X（艰苦的劳动）+Y（正确的方法）+Z（少说空话），由此可见，科学方法之于成功的重要性，我们不能只把掌握科学知识当作教育的唯一目的，更应该关心的是怎样使传播知识的过程成为掌握发现真理、探索新知识的科学方法、开发学生智慧、培养学生创新精神和实践能力的过程。这些物理科学方法不仅仅适用于物理科学，还可以应用到其他学科的研究和学习中，例如，假说法可以应用于生物学的研究和学习中。 关键词：科学方法，创新，能力，物理科学 Elementary introduction about the scientific methods of physics HuangHuang 06 Physics, Department of Physics and Electronic Science, ChaoHu College Abstract: The scientific methods of physics are used to study and describe Physical phenomenon as well as to carry out experiments and to sum up Physical laws. These methods are main means and measures in verifying laws of Physics. Relations and functions, either between inner of things or relate to the outside environment of those things, can be found through tight observing and strict logic reasoning under the guiding of rigorous scientific rules. After definite structures, movements, cause and effect of those Physical things were fixed, regular patterns of Physical knowledge can be formulated. Science education is the fundamental content of primary education and is the basis of contemporary civilization. In the physical sciences research and study mainly experimental observation, idealized model method, hypothesis, mathematical method, analysis and synthesis methods of commonly used methods.According to viewpoints of modern time scientists and science educationists, education of science is not only education relates to knowledge of science, but also involves consideration of scientific knowledge, means, approaches and essences. Albert Einstein put forward a formula when he summarized the secret of his success, that is, A(success)=X(hard