英语语法(Unit19).pptVIP

英语语法 Unit 19 本单元学习要点 动词现在分词和过去分词的区别 现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主语 Activity 1 （句子匹配） 学习要点：现在分词作状语 在英语句型中，经常会用到现在分词作状语，表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作或存在的状态。如： Being a student, I know I must study hard. Sitting in the sofa, she was reading a book. He came into the room singing a song. 特别提示： 1）从上边几个例句可以看出，这些状语结构中都隐含着一个主语，这些隐含的主语叫做逻辑主语。 2）这些状语中隐含的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，即必须是同一主语。 3）这些状语都是短语结构，就相当于简化了的状语从句。如： I’m a student, I know I must study hard. She was sitting in the sofa, she was reading a book. He came into the room while he was singing a song. 学习要点：现在分词作状语易犯的错误 在用现在分词结构（主要是短语）作状语时，最容易出现的错误就是逻辑主语和主句主语不一致。如： Kicking fiercely, the ball flew high out of the garden. （状语中的动作不可能是主句主语发出的） After checking all the words, the file was finally printed out. （同上，状语中的逻辑主语和主句的主语明显不一样了） 但请注意以下两句： Being kicked fiercely, the ball flew high out of the garden. After all the words being checked, the file was finally printed out. 由于状语改用了被动态，就使状语中的逻辑主语和主句主语一致了。 Activity 2 （找出V-ing结构并判断词类及功能） 1. (Arriving) late for the conference （会议）, he parked his car outside the conference hall. （现在分词作状语，有主句主语） 2. (Arriving) late for meetings is a bad habit. （动名词作主语，不存在另一个主语） 3. (Ending) my career（事业） in debt （负债）was never my intension. （动名词作主语，不存在另一个主语） 4. (Ending) my career early, I was able to spend more time with my family. （现在分词作状语，有主句主语） 5. Not (knowing) her number, I was unable to phone her. （现在分词作状语，有主句主语） 6. (Knowing) that he had a bad temper, I didn’t mention the problem to my teacher. （现在分词作状语，有主句主语） 学习要点：过去分词的使用 过去分词在句子中可以作多种成分，如定语、状语、表语和补语。例： The doctors were treating his broken legs. （定语） Hit by a car, he was soon sent to the hospital. （状语） The milk in that bottle has already been boiled. （表语） I’m going to have these files copied. （补语） 特别提示： 和现在分词类似，过去分词在作状语时，同样要注意逻辑主语和主句主语的一致性。如上例，按下述说法就是错误的： Hit by a car, we sent him soon to a hospital. （按逻辑关系，被撞的人反倒是我们本身，不可能再把别人送到医院。因为状语展开的话就等于: We were hit by a car） 学习要点：两种分词的特殊用途 除了上述语法功能外，现在分词和过去分词还常用在媒体及广告用语中，尤其是常出现在标题中