深圳电大 28虚拟语气.pptVIP

Unit 28 Subjunctive mood Aims Understand the uses of the subjunctive mood. Use subjunctive forms in unreal present, future and past conditionals Use conditionals without if Use subjunctive forms in other clauses. 定义 英语中有三种语气,即陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气. 陈述语气用于陈述事实,提出看法或问题等 祈使语气用于表示请求,命令或警告等 虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望等. 通常我们使用条件句来表达假设. 假设分两种: 一种是可以或能够实现的即真实条件句 另一种是不大可能实现的,通常表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,即虚拟条件句. 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 1. 与现在事实相反 条件从句的谓语动词用过去式(be通常都用were) 主句用 “would/could/should/might+动词原形” If you took a taxi, you’d get there quicker. 2. 与过去事实相反 条件从句的谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词) 主句谓语用 “should/could/would/might+ have 过去分词” If I’d left sooner, I’d have been on time. 3. 与将来事实相反 条件从句的谓语动词用过去式(be通常都用were) 主句谓语用 “would/could/should/might+动词原形” If he went, would you go too? 注意: 1.主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后would主要表示结果,might表示可能性,could表示能力,允许或者可能性. 2.条件从句的谓语动词为be时,不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were 但在口语或者非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后,也可用was,不过在If I were you这样的表达中,通常还是以用were为宜. 除了if外，还有一些连词能引导虚拟从句。主要有： in case 万一 lest生怕 as if/though好像 unless除非 otherwise否则 on condition that条件是 but that 要不是 provided/ providing that如果 suppose that 假设 The kid spoke as if he were a grown-up. would rather ，wish, as if/rather后宾语从句用虚拟语气 若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语要用一般过去时或过去进行时 I wish my mother were with me. He behaves as if he owned the company. 若表示与过去时相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/should+ have+过去分词 I wish I had brought my sunglasses. 若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could＋动词原形． I wish the problem could be solved in one day. 注意： wish后的宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，所以用虚拟语气，而hope后的宾语从句表示可以实现的愿望，所以不用虚拟语气。 Suggest +that… 表示建议、请求、要求 Sb1 suggest (that) sb2 (should) do sth We suggest that he___ right now . A must stop smoking B.stopped smoking C.stop smoking D.should not smoke c P188 表“提议、建议”的动词：suggest ,advise, propose, recommend 表“要求、主张”的动词：insist, require, request, demand , desire 　　 表“命令”的动词：order, command.  He ordered that all the troops (should) charge forward.他命令所有部队冲锋！ My suggestion is that the price (should )be cut d