[交通运输]电控发动机.doc

摘 要 发动机是汽车的重要组成，是车辆运行的动力来源。随着其自动化程度的不断提高、工作性能的不断完善，其结构也变得越来越复杂;外加工作环境十分恶劣，因此发动机故障发生的频率增大，并且其诊断难度也不断提高。这样就使得发动机成为汽车故障诊断与检测的重点对象，而现在电控发动机已基本取代传统化油器式发动机成为最主要的发动机。为了迅速诊断故障状况，提高维修的效率，世界各国的汽车公司和研究机构纷纷投入大量的资金和精力研究汽车发动机电控系统的故障诊断。由于我国汽车工业发展较晚，汽车电子与发达国家差距很大，所以进行汽车故障诊断技术的研究对于改善和提高我国的汽车检测诊断技术非常重要，具有重要的现实意义。 汽车发动机故障诊断方法的研究是随着汽车技术不断进步而逐步完善的过程，建立科学、系统、合理、完善的汽车故障诊断体系，已成为目前汽车故障诊断的必然要求和技术发展的必然趋势。然而，目前关于发动机故障自诊断系统设计的方法种类很多，但是既繁多又杂乱，在详细分类讨论各自方法的实施和综合对比不同方法的优缺点这一领域还是空白，本论文目的就是填充这一空白，完善汽车故障诊断体系，总结的故障诊断方法，具有一定的理论价值，同时也便于查阅，具有一定的参考价值。 论文首先对汽车电控发动机的组成、工作原理、工作过程进行系统的介绍。随后，对电控发动机的特有电控系统作出细致的描述和分析研究，并详细叙述电控发动机作为现代汽车动力设备的优点。其次，分析电喷汽油发动机典型的和疑难的故障。最后，总结出对常见故障的比较清晰的诊断思路。 关键字：电控发动机；故障诊断；诊断思路 Abstract Engines are the main assembly of motor vehicles, are important power sources for vehicles. With its continuous improvement of working performance and the level of automation, vehicles structures also becoming more and more complicated,moreover, extremely poor working conditions increase engine failure incidence,which means that, also increase the difficulty to fault diagnosis. So the probability of engine failure is also growing, that lead to more difficult of its diagnosis. This makes automotive engine to be the important object of fault diagnosis and detection. With the rapid development of computer and software technology, the degree of modern automotive electronics continues to improve greatly, not only optimized vehicle performance greatly, but also complicated the vehicle control systems structure and function. However, once the control system took place fault diagnosis and repair has become more difficult, there will be higher demand to maintenance mans knowledge and experience. With the reason that diagnosis of fault position rapidly and improve the efficiency of repair, automotive companies and research institutions which from all over the world have invested substantial funds and energy on the fault diagnosis research about electric automobile engine control system. Whilst automobile industr