[文学]第一讲 汉英翻译与文化.ppt

第一讲 汉英文化比较与翻译 What is culture? Edward Taylor认为：文化是一种复杂体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗, 以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他的能力与习惯。 广义上说，文化是人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。 《礼记·典礼》：入境而问禁，入国而问俗，入门而问讳。 Examples: Pearl. S. Buck：如今江湖上歹人多。 In these times, there are men --- evil men by river and lake. (in all corners of the country.) 武行者心中要吃，哪里听他分说，一片声喝道：“放屁！放屁！” Now Wu the Priest longed much in his heart to eat and so how could he be willing to listen to this explanation? He bellowed forth, “Pass your wind! Pass your wind.” 中西文化差异的主要表现 : I:历史文化差异 II:地域文化差异 III:习俗文化差异 IV:宗教文化差异 I：历史文化差异 历史 神话传说 寓言童话 文学作品 历史： Meet one’s Waterloo The sword of Damocles Cleopatra’s nose Roman Holiday Trojan horse 赔了夫人又折兵 说曹操曹操就到 毛遂自荐 初出茅庐 遭受惨败, 遭到毁灭性的打击 临头的危险 埃及艳后的鼻子 幸灾乐祸, 损人利己 特洛伊木马 suffer a double loss instead of making a gain. talk of the devil and he will appear. volunteer one’s service. At the beginning of one’s career 孙子 Sun Tzu 孙子兵法 The Art of War 三十六计走为上计 go while the going is good. The day after the discovery of the fraud, Stanford thought it prudent to show a light pair of heels. 欺诈行为被发现的第二天，斯坦福就认为三十六计走为上。 神话传说 A Pandora’s box Aesop’s Fables old man of the sea 无法摆脱的,纠缠不休的人 Achilles heel: A seemingly small but actually mortal weakness. 寓言童话 the rabbit and the tortoise The ugly Duckling the Princess and the Pea The farmer and the snake the lion’s share sour grape 南柯一梦 Nanke dream (from the story of a man who dreamed that he became the governor of Nanke in the Kingdom of the Ants); a fond dream or an illusory joy 文学作品 Hamlet Macbeth Shylock a Frankenstein Shangri-La (James Hilton: the Lost Horizon失去的地平线)， a dark horse Man Friday (Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe) Catch-22 (Joseph Heller: Catch-22) 四大名著/the Four Classic Novels 三国演义 Three Kingdoms 西游记 Journey to the West / Pilgrimage to the West 红楼梦 Dream of the Red Mansions 水浒传 Heroes of the Marshes / Tales of the Water Margin II: 地域文化差异 从地理位置来看 中国是个大陆国家，地大物博，幅员辽阔。汉语中的“黔驴技穷”，“人心齐，泰山移”，“不到黄河心不死”，“不到长城非好汉”，“福如东海，寿比南山”等都显示了中国