[理学]Chapter1英文版生化.pdf

CHAPTER 1 DNA and Chromosome 1.1 DNA is genetic material 1.2 DNA Structure 1.3 Chromosome 1.4 Genome and Gene 1.1 DNA is Genetic Material* 1.1.1 DNA is the genetic material of bacteria •转化 1928, Fred Griffith （Transformation ） ~16 years •转化因子 （Transforming 1944, principle ) Oswald Avery Colin MacLeod Maclyn McCarty 1/10000 ~1/104 1.1.2 The genetic material of phage T2 is DNA 1952 Alfred Hershey Martha Chase 1.2 DNA Structure 1.2.1 A nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) is a polynucleotide DNA: dA, dG, dC, dT 2′-H (deoxyribose sugar) RNA: A, G, C, U 2′-OH (ribose sugar) Direction: 5′-p 3′-OH 1.2.2 DNA is a double helix Key term: Complementary Base Pair A-T, C-G DNA double helix —— a research legacy Yesterday’s research – today’s legacy DNA double helix B-form DNA 1.2.3 Supercoiling structure of DNA Positive supercoiling The DNA is twisted around itself in the same sense as the two strands within the double heli