[理学]Matrix_Optics_-_Chapter_1_Geometrical_Optics.ppt

§1.1 Maxwell’s equations and ray equation The propagation of electromagnetic wave can be described completely by Maxwells equations. Maxwell’s equations For monochromatic fields and media with linear response we have where ， is the eikonal function. Inserting Eq.(1.1-5) into (1.1-4) This equation is called the ray equation and gives the ray trajectory. For a homogeneous medium the ray equation reduces to If path I coincides with a ray having parallel to , we obtain §1.2 Definition of ray transfer matrix In which Make them in a matrix form According to Fig.1-2, A. According to the definition According to the definition of ABCD matrix (1.2-5), we have Fig.1-4 Ray transfer matrix for uniform medium. B. Composed and simplified The ray transfer matrices of uniform medium and spherical interface are fundamental formations, which can form some others. For example, Spherical interface ( ) plane interface, Plane interface × uniform medium × plane interface parallel plate, Spherical interface × uniform medium × spherical interface thick lens, Spherical interface × spherical interface, or thick lens ( ) thin lens, Thin lens × uniform medium × thin lens telescope, Sign matrix S × spherical interface ( ) spherical reflector, Sign matrix S × plane interface ( ), or spherical reflector ( ) flat reflector; etc. A thick lens is shown in Fig.1-6, we can get its ray transfer matrix as shown above rules. A ray passing through the thick lens can be regarded as passing sequentially through a spherical interface, a uniform medium and a spherical interface, then C. To solve ray differential equation For instance, the refractive index radial distribution of lenslike medium and §1.4 Reference plane moving technique From Eq.(1.3-8) the lenslike medium is equivalent