第七章：词义层面上的文化差异.pptVIP

Warming up 周二下午，来自美国的史密斯教授走进了中国一所大学的报告厅，准备做一场关于他必威体育精装版研究成果的报告。一进教室观众就爆发出阵阵哄笑，学生对他带的绿帽子指指点点。史密斯很迷惑，不知所措。 翻译例子 炕：kang; a heatable brick bed (in north china) 三纲五常：三纲；即父为子纲、君为臣纲、夫为妻纲。五常；即仁、义、礼　、智、信。the Three Cardinal Guides (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife) and Five Constant Virtues (benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity) -- principle of Chinese feudal moral conduct 其它语义和文化内涵不等值的例子 drugstore: 药店 在美国除了卖药以为还买饮料和食品 wine: 酒 wine在英语里面指用水果做成的酒；酒在汉语里面包含了任何的酒。 lover: 情人、情妇 中国人常把lover理解为爱人 landlord:地主 英语里面理解为房东。 英汉颜色词的文化差异 注意，不同的语言中对同一物体或现象却用不同颜色来加以描述。 英国人喝的 black tea在汉语中不叫“黑茶”而叫“红茶”。black coffee 不是黑咖啡，而是不加牛奶的咖啡。 美国人谈到皮肉受伤时说to be bruised black and blue，而中国人则说“被打得青一块，紫一块”（直译为to be beaten blue and purple，当然应译为地道的英语to be beaten black and blue）。 3. Cultural Differences in Connotative Meanings引申含义上的文化差异 Words with connotations in one language but none in the other（只在某一语言有引申含义） e.g. plants like pine tree, bamboo, plum blossom e.g. numbers More redundant twins help and assistance views and opinions sentiments and feelings encourage and promote discuss and debate Cultural Differences on Lexical Level词义层面上的文化差异 1. Types of Lexical Meaning 2 types: denotation（字面含义） and connotation（引申含义） Denotation: the conceptual meaning of the word that designates or describes things, events or processes, etc. It is the primary, explicit meaning given in the definition of a word in a dictionary. Connotation: the emotional or stylistic associations that a word or phrase suggests in one’s mind. It is the implicit, supplementary value which is added to the purely denotative meaning of a word or phrase. Example of “Mother” Denotative meaning of the word “mother” is “the female parent”. Connotative meaning of the word “mother” is the associations we usually have with the word — “maternal love”, “care”, “tenderness”, etc. So we can have the sentence “the young teacher is like mother to the kids”. Exercises Write down the connotative me