GMAT考试SC语法大全参考.doc

知识点漏洞： having done A) having done和having been done都不是动名词结构，因此不能充当名词成分！ 在SC中，如果这两个结构做主语、宾语必错！ B) having done和having been done做后置定语，必错！ having done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的定语从句 having been done做后置定语，一般都要改成相应的done做过去分词，或者改成定语从句 C) having done和having been done用于“with独立主格”中必错！ 指with+ sb./sth+ having done/having been done这种情况 D) When/After having done 必错！ “主语，having done, 谓语” （correct）-----非限制性定语 倒装： 全部：1. 介词开头；2. 形容词开头； 3. 分词开头（doing/done） 部分：1. No sooner…than…, Hardly…when…和Not until……..； 2. Only when…； 3. If 虚拟； 4. So/Such….that….; 5. 时间频率的词开头（often, many a time）; 6. “形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句； 7. 否定副词（never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little） …./the only one of….: Horatio is one of those people who are late for everything. Horatio is the only one of those people who is late for everything. confidence 后面加that 同位语从句 n + more + adj (correct) more than times as many/much + n. as…. (correct) times as +adj + as…. (correct) times adj-er +than….(correct) times + the + n (correct) 分词的使用： (1) 当done在句末时，不管有无逗号，都是就近修饰名词; (2) 当doing在句末时，无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语； (3) 当doing在句尾且前有逗号时, 修饰邻近句子的主语, 做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果. 因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词 (4) 当doing/done在句中且前逗号, 修饰前面紧邻名词; (5) 当doing/done在句中且前后都有逗号, 有歧义: 这种结构在GMAT必错！ （夹心修饰） --------修饰前面紧邻的名词 --------向后修饰后面句子的主语 n the year 现在完成时， early in the year 过去完成时 What C is to D, that A is to B = A is to B what C is to D rather是副词 , 后面不能加不定式： rather to do (X) make /feel/believe/find it + adj to do/ that从句 虚拟语气：that 一定不能省，should一定不要加 当sth.作主语时注意 sth takes sb some time to do 后面不加宾语: Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. 【句尾同位语和【…,