healthecon-china-reform-12参考.ppt

China’s Health Care System Reform中国医疗卫生系统的改革 China’s Health Care System Before Reform改革前的中国医疗卫生体系 In the urban areas, the government provided urban employees with two major health care programs. Both established in 1952: 在城市，政府向城市职工提供两种主要医疗保健项目，两个项目都在1952年建立。 the Government Insurance Program 公费医疗(GIP) financed through public budget由政府财政支付 for government employees, their dependents, veterans, educators, and college students为政府雇员，他们的家属，退役军人，老师和大学生提供 the Labor Insurance Program劳保医疗 (LIP) financed through the enterprise welfare funds retained as a certain portion of the total salary outlays (usually at a rate of 8%).由企业的福利基金来支付，福利基金来源于提留总工资的一定比例（通常为8%的比例） covers the employees and retirees of the state-owned enterprises (SOE), and with partial coverage for their dependents. 为国有企业的雇员和退休人员提供，并对他们的家属提供部分保障。 China’s Health Care System Reform中国医疗卫生保障体系的改革 China’s decade-long experimental reforms in health care system led to a variety of new models in the substitution of the GIP and LIP 中国在医疗卫生体系进行了数十年的试验性改革，形成了许多对公费医疗和劳保医疗起到补充作用的新模式 While varied greatly with different features, all these models were developed along the three stated goals by the central government: 虽然各具特点，所有的这些新模式都按照中央政府制定的三个目标发展的： wide insurance coverage for basic services; 对基本医疗服务的广覆盖 establishment of individual savings account;建立个人账户 social insurance (social pooling account). 建立社会统筹账户 ? China’s Health Insurance System Reform中国医疗卫生保障体系的改革 The advantages of China’s MSAs system are: 中国的医疗账户体系（MSAs）的优点是： Because of the cost-sharing feature in the MSAs, the tendency of abuse and over-consumption of medical services is under control. 由于MSAs的个人分担特征，滥用和过渡消费医疗服务的趋势得到了一定程度的控制 The patients have incentives to monitor the health care providers’ (doctors’ and hospitals’) behavior. This will lead to an overall improvement in efficiency and lower medical costs. 病人有动力监督医疗服务提供者（医生和医院）的行为，这将在总体上提高效率和降低医疗成本 The treatment of major illnesses is mainly financed by the pooling fund and the