How to Value Bonds and Stocks参考.ppt

Chapter Outline 5.1 Definition and Example of a Bond 5.2 How to Value Bonds 5.3 Bond Concepts 5.4 The Present Value of Common Stocks 5.5 Estimates of Parameters in the Dividend-Discount Model 5.6 Growth Opportunities 5.7 The Dividend Growth Model and the NPVGO Model (Advanced) 5.8 Price Earnings Ratio 5.9 Stock Market Reporting 5.10 Summary and Conclusions Valuation of Bonds and Stock First Principles: Value of financial securities = PV of expected future cash flows To value bonds and stocks we need to: Estimate future cash flows: Size (how much) and Timing (when) Discount future cash flows at an appropriate rate: The rate should be appropriate to the risk presented by the security. 5.1 Definition and Example of a Bond A bond is a legally binding agreement between a borrower and a lender: Specifies the principal amount of the loan. Specifies the size and timing of the cash flows: In dollar terms (fixed-rate borrowing) As a formula (adjustable-rate borrowing) 5.1 Definition and Example of a Bond Consider a U.S. government bond listed as 6 3/8 of December 2009. The Par Value of the bond is $1,000. Coupon payments are made semi-annually (June 30 and December 31 for this particular bond). Since the coupon rate is 6 3/8 the payment is $31.875. On January 1, 2002 the size and timing of cash flows are: 5.2 How to Value Bonds Identify the size and timing of cash flows. Discount at the correct discount rate. If you know the price of a bond and the size and timing of cash flows, the yield to maturity is the discount rate. Pure Discount Bonds Information needed for valuing pure discount bonds: Time to maturity (T) = Maturity date - today’s date Face value (F) Discount rate (r) Pure Discount Bonds: Example Find the value of a 30-year zero-coupon bond with a $1,000 par value and a YTM of 6%. Level-Coupon Bonds Information needed to value level-coupon bonds: Coupon payment dates and time to maturity (T) Coupon payment (C) per period and Face value (F) Discount