microeconomics Consumer Behavior参考.ppt

Consumer Behavior CONSUMER PREFERENCES Market Baskets CONSUMER PREFERENCES Some Basic Assumptions about Preferences CONSUMER PREFERENCES Some Basic Assumptions about Preferences CONSUMER PREFERENCES Indifference curves CONSUMER PREFERENCES Indifference curves CONSUMER PREFERENCES Indifference Maps CONSUMER PREFERENCES Indifference Maps CONSUMER PREFERENCES The Marginal Rate of Substitution CONSUMER PREFERENCES Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements CONSUMER PREFERENCES Perfect Substitutes and Perfect Complements CONSUMER PREFERENCES CONSUMER PREFERENCES Utility and Utility Functions CONSUMER PREFERENCES Ordinal versus Cardinal Utility BUDGET CONSTRAINTS The Budget Line BUDGET CONSTRAINTS The Budget Line BUDGET CONSTRAINTS The Effects of Changes in Income and Prices BUDGET CONSTRAINTS The Effects of Changes in Income and Prices CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER CHOICE Corner Solutions CONSUMER CHOICE REVEALED PREFERENCE REVEALED PREFERENCE REVEALED PREFERENCE MARGINAL UTILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE MARGINAL UTILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE MARGINAL UTILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE MARGINAL UTILITY AND CONSUMER CHOICE COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES Ideal Cost-of-Living Index COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES Ideal Cost-of-Living Index COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES Ideal Cost-of-Living Index COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES Laspeyres Index COST-OF-LIVING INDEXES INDIVIDUAL DEMAND The Individual Demand Curve Marginal Utility and Happiness 3.5 A comparison of mean levels of satisfaction with life across income classes in the United States shows that happiness increases with income, but at a diminishing rate. Figure 3.20 Inefficiency of Gasoline Rationing 3.5 When a good is rationed, less is available than consumers would like to buy. Consumers may be worse off. Without gasoline rationing, up to 20,000 gallons of gasoline are available for consumption (at point B). The consumer chooses point C on indifference curve U2, consuming 5000 gallons of gasoline. However, with a limit of 2000 gallons