Pricing with Market Power参考.ppt

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Pricing with Market Power参考

Chapter 1 Chapter 11 Pricing with Market Power Topics to be Discussed Capturing Consumer Surplus Price Discrimination Intertemporal Price Discrimination and Peak-Load Pricing Topics to be Discussed The Two-Part Tariff Bundling Advertising Introduction Pricing without market power (perfect competition) is determined by market supply and demand. The individual producer must be able to forecast the market and then concentrate on managing production (cost) to maximize profits. Introduction Pricing with market power (imperfect competition) requires the individual producer to know much more about the characteristics of demand as well as manage production. Capturing Consumer Surplus Capturing Consumer Surplus Capturing Consumer Surplus Capturing Consumer Surplus Price discrimination is the charging of different prices to different consumers for similar goods. Price Discrimination First Degree Price Discrimination Charge a separate price to each customer: the maximum or reservation price they are willing to pay. Additional Profit From Perfect First-Degree Price Discrimination Additional Profit From Perfect First-Degree Price Discrimination Additional Profit From Perfect First-Degree Price Discrimination Question Why would a producer have difficulty in achieving first-degree price discrimination? Answer 1) Too many customers (impractical) 2) Could not estimate the reservation price for each customer Price Discrimination First Degree Price Discrimination The model does demonstrate the potential profit (incentive) of practicing price discrimination to some degree. Price Discrimination First Degree Price Discrimination Examples of imperfect price discrimination where the seller has the ability to segregate the market to some extent and charge different prices for the same product: Lawyers, doctors, accountants Colleges and universities First-Degree Price Discrimination in Practice Second-Degree Price Discrimination Second-Degree Price Discrimination Price Discrimination Third

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