国际经济学（英文版）PPT 7economic_integration.ppt

Chapter 7 Economic Integration Economic integration Economic integration refers to the commercial policy of discriminately reducing or eliminating trade barriers only among the nations joining together. (p173) Chapter Structure 1. Forms of Economic Integration 2. Static Welfare Effects of Customs Union 2.1 Trade Creation Effect 2.2 Trade Diversion Effect 3. Dynamic Welfare Effects from Customs Union 1. Forms of Economic Integration Preferential trade arrangements Free trade area Customs union Common market Economic union Preferential trade arrangements Preferential trade arrangements provide lower barriers on trade among participating nations than on trade with nonmember nations. The loosest form of economic integration. Example: the British Commonwealth Preference Scheme (1932) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free trade area Free trade area removes all trade barriers among members, but each nation retains its own barriers to trade with nonmembers. Example: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Nonmembers can take advantage of re-export trade to avoid a high tariff rate. Certificate of origin must be presented when commodities are imported. 中国签订的自由贸易协定 Free trade agreements signed by China Customs union Customs union removes all barriers to trade among members and harmonizes trade policies toward the rest of the world. Example: the European Economic Community (E.E.C.) (1957) Common market Removes all barriers to trade among members, harmonizes trade policies toward the rest of the world, and allows free movement of labor and capital among member nations. Example: the EU achieved the status of a common market in 1993 Economic union Removes all barriers to trade among members, harmonizes trade policies towards the rest of the world, allows free movement of labor and capital among member nations, and unifies monetary, fiscal, and tax policies of members. The highest form of economic integration. Examp