第一讲 何谓翻译.ppt

翻译理论与实践 Translation: Theory and Practice 第一讲 何谓翻译 Eugene Nida提出翻译四悖论（the four paradoxes of translation) 1. Translating is impossible. 翻译不可为。 2. Translating is valid, but paraphrase is wrong. 翻译可为之，但阐释不可为。 3. A translator should first produce a more or less literal rendering of the source text and then proceed to improve it stylistically. 译者应当首先忠实地译出原文，然后再在措辞、风格上进行润色。 4. There is never a completely perfect or timeless translation. 永远没有绝对准确的完美翻译。 当水仙花初访它的娇黄 嗨！山谷那里有一位多娇 那是一年里最好的时光 严冬的热血在涨着狂潮 When daffodils begin to peer With heigh! The doxy over the dale Why, then comes in the sweet o’ the year For the red blood reigns in the winter’s pale From Shakespeare, Winter’s Tale Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring The rain drizzleth down in spray Pedestrians on country-side ways In gloom are pining away When asked “Where a tavern fair for rest Is hereabouts to be found”, The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill Doth point to afar and say Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Thomas Gray The Curfew tolls the knell of a parting day The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea The plowman homeward plods his weary way And leaves the world to darkness and to me 重要理论问题：翻译的定义与优先事项 Eugene Nida所提出的翻译定义： …reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style. 关键词一：source language message（源语信息） It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 译文一：有一条真理举世公认：凡很有钱的单身男人一定需要娶一位太太。 译文二：举世公认，一个拥有一大笔钱财的单身男人，必定想娶一个女人做太太。 译文三：饶有家财的单身汉必定想要娶房妻室，此乃举世公认的真情实理。 The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. From The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 译文一：和风吹荡，水化飞溅， 船儿破浪前进； 闯入那沉寂的海洋领域， 我们是第一群人。 译文二：和风拂，银浪翻， 波涟翩翩逐航船； 我们是古来第一人， 划破沉沉沧海天。 关键词二：equivalence（对等） 功能性对等（f