Members of sentence(句子成分与结构).ppt

* * --Members of Sentence 主语 Subject 谓语 Predicate 宾语 Object 宾语补足语 Object Complement 表语 Predicative 定语 Attribute 状语 Adverbial 同位语 Appositive Members of Sentence I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 状 语 1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词, 代词,动词不定式, 动名词, 主语从句来充当. 1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 5.What he has said is true. Subject 2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词. 1.They work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. (系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词 seem, get, is, am, are, sound, smell, look, become) △情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well. They are playing over there. Predicate 3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词, 代词, 动词不定式, 动名词和宾语从句构成. 1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there. △双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books. (give, buy, bring, lend, offer, send, show, teach, tell, ask...) Object 4. 宾补：补充说明宾语。 (宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系） 宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以 下几种类型： 1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2. 名词（代词）+ 分 词 3. 名词（代词）+ 名 词 4. 名词 （代词）+ 形容词 Object Complement 1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式 John asked me to help him. 2.名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动） I found him standing at the gate . He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 3.名词（代词）+ 名词 （作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.) They made him captain of the ship. 4.名词（代词）+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. 5. 表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . The book is what I need. Predicative 6.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词, 形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,现在分词, 过去分词,介词短语,从句等. 1.This is a red car. 2.The bu