大学校园宿舍火灾事故的事故树分析概要.docx

摘要本文以河南理工大学竹园三号学生公寓为例，对大学校园宿舍火灾进行了详细的事故树分析。通过详细分析河南理工大学竹园三号学生公寓整体情况、各宿舍内部的情况，并就其中的问题从物的不安全状态、人的不安全行为和管理的缺陷三个方面进行了细致的隐患分析，采用事故树分析的方法，构建事故树，对事故树进行定性定量分析，并对定性定量分析结果开展详细的分析。而分析的结果显示，自身缺乏演习演练、他人缺乏帮人逃生的经验以及消防出口不通畅是目前最需要解决的问题，而未及时发现、惊慌失措不知道该怎么办、不会使用灭火装置以及消防设施数量不够则是最大限度防范宿舍火灾的关键问题，而其他问题则只需要在平时的工作中稍加改进即可得到很好改善。最后从演习演练、日常管理、硬件措施和宣传教育等几个方面提出了一些对策和建议。关键词：校园宿舍火灾事故树分析 对策建议AbstractThis paper,takingChuk Yuen, third in Henan Polytechnic University students’ apartment as an example,Usingfault tree analysis method,analiedthe fire of college dormitory. Through detailed analysis of Chuk Yuen, third in Henan Polytechnic University students apartment’s overall situationand the hostel internal of situation, after a detailed risk analysis from the physical insecurity, the human unsafe behavior and the defects of management, using fault tree analysis method, building fault tree, it didqualitative and quantitative analysisforthe faulttree , and out detailed analysis on the analysis results of them . The analysis of results displayed, lots of students lacking exercises walkthrough, others lacking the experience of helping escape of experience when a fire occurs and fire export not smooth wasthe problem currently most needed to besoluted; and being not timely found, panic and not knowinghow to do, not knowing the method of using fire device and fire facilities’insufficient was the key of maximum prevention hostel fire; and other problemscould be improved wellonly improvingdaily work slightly. Finally ,from the exercise drills, daily management, hardware measures and awareness-raising, it made a number of suggestions and solutions.Key words：The fire of collegedormitory Fault tree analysis Suggestions and solutions1引言1.1研究目的和意义取火是人类进化的重要标志，用火是人类文明发展的必然条件。火在给人们带来无尽福祉的同时，也给人们带来深重的灾难。近年来国内外发生过很多大学校园火灾事故，造成巨大的伤亡和损失。大学校园是人员聚集场所也是消防安全重点单位，担负着为国家培养造就现代化建设人才和进行科学研究的任务，一旦发生火灾，会导致无辜的学子伤亡，这不仅仅是人员伤亡的损失，也是社会财富的巨大损失，更会严重地影响教学秩序、社会稳定和科技进步。据不完全统计，仅2003年一年，国内外高校宿舍就发生了10余次严重的校园宿舍火灾事故，造成五十多人死亡的惨剧[1]。尽管