组织行为学 Organizational Behavior Chapter 7.ppt

Chapter 7 organizational process Definition of organization Key elements that determine organizational structures Types of organization structure Organizational culture After studying this chapter,you should be able to: Identify the six key elements that define an organization’s structure. Know the common types of organizational structure. Contrast the characteristics of deferent structure types Understand why structures differ. Describe the role of organizational culture Key terms Line structure 直线结构 Line-staff structure 直线职能结构 Multidivisional structure 事业部结构（多分支结构） Matrix structure 矩阵结构 Virtual organization 虚拟组织 Learning organization 学习型组织 What is organization? Definition: Organizations are social entities that are goal-oriented; are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the external environment What Is Organizational Structure? What Determines Organizational Structure? Work specialization：To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs? Departmentalization：On what basis will jobs be grouped together? Chain of command： To whom do individuals and groups report? What Determines Organizational Structure? Span of control： How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct? Centralization and decentralization：Where does decision-making authority lie? Formalization：To what degree will there be rules and regulations to direct employees and managers？ Span of Management:Wide Span and Narrow Span Span of Management vs.Organizational layers Types of Organizational Structure Line Line-and-staff Multidivisional Matrix Centralized vs. Decentralized Structures Line Structure Simplest organizational structure Owner—mgr—asst. mgr – employee Clear chain of command Quick decisions Manager Wide range of skills/abilities Complete knowledge of business Line Structure Line-Staff Structure Traditional line relationship between managers–supervisors—employees Adds ‘special’ support to manag