语言学课件7 句法学the Functional approach.ppt

4 the Functional approach 1 Functional sentence perspective 1.1 actual division (Theme-rheme structure)----T_R model 2 Halldiday’s SFG (Systematic-functional Grammar) 2.1 three metadunctions 2.2 cohesion and coherence 1 Prague school: Subject+ Predicate 成分分析 Theme+rheme ( 主位+述位）实义切分 Theme (the basis starting point of the utterance) Rheme (the nucleus, the core of the utterance) known---unknown Theme-rheme order--unemotional- objective order—emotional- subjective Theme –Rheme structure Eg 1 Two friends were traveling together through a forest. One of them said: “If we meet any wild beasts. I’ll help you and you’ll help me . Eg 2 1 你的儿子多大了？ 2 我的儿子七岁了。 Simple theme Eg, A half penny| is the smallest English coin. The smallest coin| is a half penny. Eg, the duke| has given my aunt that teapot my aunt| has been given that teapot by the duke. that teapot| the duke has given to my aunt. (Nominal group) Once upon a time| there were three bears. Very carefully |she put on her shoes. For want of a nail| the shoe was lost. With sobs and tears| he sorted out those of the largest size. ( * The theme of a clause is frequently marked off in speech by intonation,being spoken on a separate tone group)  Simple themes of more than one group (phrase) Eg,the walrus and the carpenter| were walking close at hand. Tom,Tom,the piper’s son |stole a pig and away did run. From house to house |I went my way. On the ground or in the air| small creatures live and breathe. From the inaccessible mountains ,across the desert which no mortal foot has trod,far as the the confines of unknown ocean, (T)// breathes the spirit of the eternal Creator.? Multi-theme Textual—interpersonal—ideational 1 Oh() soldier soldier won‘t() you// marry me -------------------------------------------------------- 2 on the other hand ()may be() on a weekday()// it would be less crowded 1 Themati