语言学课件chapter 7 historical linguistics.ppt

Chapter 7 Historical Linguistics 7.1 the nature of language change 7.2 the historical development of English 7.3 linguistic change of English 7.3.1 sound change 7.3.2 morphological and syntactic change 7.3.3 Lexical change 7.3.4 semantic change 7.4 causes of language change 7.5 some recent trends historical Linguistics : the subfield of linguistics that studies language change the historical development of languages and the processes involved in language change the nature of language change and the causes that lead to language change methods and techniques to reconstruct linguistic history and establish the relationship between languages of the same language family 7.1 the nature of language change Language change : universal, continuous and, to a considerable degree, regular and systematic taking place in virtually all aspects of the grammar—in phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon, and semantics never an overnight occurrence a gradual and constant process The language our ancestors spoke thousands of years ago is difficult for us to understand today. we hardly notice any significant change we speak in our daily life. 7.2 major periods in the history of English Old English (roughly from 449 to 1100) Middle English ( roughly from 1100 to 1500) Modern English ( roughly from 1500 to the present). Old English (roughly from 449 to 1100) an extract from an Old English document): And Seaxon pa sige geslogan (and Saxon the victory won) And Saxon won the victory Pa Sedan hi h?m ?renddracan ( then sent they home a messenger) Then they sent home a messenger Middle English ( roughly from 1100 to 1500) from Chaucer’s The Romance of The Rose) Many men sayn that in sweveninges (Many men say that in dreams) Ther nys but fables and lesynges (There is nothing but talk and lies) But men may some swevenes sene (But men may see some dreams) Whiche hardely that false ne bene (Which are scarcely false) But afterwarde ben apparaunt (But afterward come true) 7.3.1 sound cha