跨文化商务交际第4章文化价值观比较.ppt

Contents of Chapter Three Comparing Cultural Values 1. Cultural Values 1.1 Comparison Between Chinese Values and Western Values 1.1.1 Differences in expressing gratitude 1.1.2 Differences in symbolization 1.1.3 Differences in attitudes toward women 1.2 Comparison Between Chinese Values and American Values 1.2.1 Differences in friendship 1.2.2 Differences in time consciousness 1.2.3 Differences in conception of the self 1.2.4 Differences in approaches to tasks 1.2.5 Differences in social relationships 2. Cultural Dimensions 2.1 A Brief Introduction of Influential Cultural Patterns 2.2 Geert Hofstede and His Value Dimensions 2.2.1 A Brief Introduction of Geert Hofstede 2.2.2 Geert Hofstede’s Values Dimensions 2.2.2.1 Power Distance 2.2.2.2 Individualism Versus Collectivism 2.2.2.3 Masculinity Versus Femininity 2.2.2.4 Uncertainty Avoidance 2.3 Hall’s High-Context and Low-Context Cultures 2.3.1 High-Context Cultures 2.3.2 Low-Context Cultures 2.4 Other Dimensions 2.4.1 Formality Versus Informality 2.4.2 Time: Polychronic Versus Monochronic 1.Cultural Values文化价值观 Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important; that is, valuable. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity(笃信宗教, 虔诚) . The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes at the top levels in some sports are honored (in the form of monetary payment) more than college professors. Surveys show that voters in the United States would be reluctant to elect an atheist as a president, suggesting that belief in God is a value. 1.Cultural Values文化价值观 Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more global and abstract than norms. Norms are rules for behavior in specif