世界石油运输咽喉.pdf

‹ Countries World Oil Transit Chokepoints Last Updated: August 22, 2012 full report Background World oil chokepoints for maritime transit of oil are a critical part of global energy security. About half of the worlds oil production moves on maritime routes. Chokepoints are narrow channels along widely used global sea routes, some so narrow that restrictions are placed on the size of the vessel that can navigate through them. They are a critical part of global energy security due to the high volume of oil traded through their narrow straits. In 2011, total world oil production amounted to approximately 87 million barrels per day (bbl/d), and over one-half was moved by tankers on fixed maritime routes. By volume of oil transit, the Strait of Hormuz, leading out of the Persian Gulf, and the Strait of Malacca, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans, are two of the worlds most strategic chokepoints. The international energy market is dependent upon reliable transport. The blockage of a chokepoint, even temporarily, can lead to substantial increases in total energy costs. In addition, chokepoints leave oil tankers vulnerable to theft from pirates, terrorist attacks, and political unrest in the form of wars or hostilities as well as shipping accidents that can lead to disastrous oil spills. The seven straits highlighted in this brief serve as major trade routes for global oil transportation, and disruptions to shipments would affect oil prices and add thousands of miles of transit in an alternative direction, if even available. Volume of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products Transported Through World Chokepoints, 2007- 2011 Location 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Bab el_Mandab 4.6 4.5 2.9 2.7 3.4 Turkish Straits 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 N/A Danish Straits 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0 N/A Strait of Hormuz