定语从句精讲精练2013版(打印).doc

英语语法复习 --- 定语从句 一、定语从句的概念　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的分类　　根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 三、定语从句的关系词: 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词， 关系代词: that， which， who, whom（宾格），whose(所有格） 关系副词包括: where， when， why 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 四、关系代词的用法 ? 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语，定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）　　The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）　　The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）　　Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语） 4. Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, ), 例如： ? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.? It was an island, whose name I have forgotten.它是一座岛，名字我忘了。 The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays 考点1：当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：　　This is the house in which we lived last year.　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. （1）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：　　This is the person whom you are looking for. （2）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：　　The city that she lives in is very far away. 考点2：关系代词前介词的确定：介词与先行词是一种固定搭配；介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯搭配； In the dark street, there was not a single person ____ he could turn for help.A. that???????? B. who?? C. from whom?? D. to whomThat’s the dog ____.A.?we’ve been looking after B.?after which we’ve been lookingC.?what we’ve been looking after D.?we’ve been taking care for Eric received training in computer for one year,_____he found a job in a big company. (2007年辽宁卷) ? A．after that??????