词汇复习总结.doc

1.1 The Definition of a Word (p. 2) A word is a minimal1 free2 form3 of a language that has given sound4, meaning5 and syntactical function6. (line 6) (1). a minimal free form of a language/a minimal meaningful form of a sentence (2). a sound unity (3). a unit of meaning (4). A form that can function alone in a sentence. 1.2 Vocabulary (p. 2) Vocabulary refers to all the words in a language1 and all the words used in particular historical period2, all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline(学科), etc.3 and all the words possessed(拥有) by an individual, a group of people, etc.4 (line 7) 1.3 Sound and Meaning (p. 3) 1. The connection between the sound and meaning is arbitrary/non-motivated. (line 4) (The reasons for the occurrence of the differences between) sound (form) and (written) form (p. 3) 3. The scribes of the early time deliberately changed the spelling either to make a line even or for being easily recognized. (3rd p4.) 1.5 Classification of Words 1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Non-basic Vocabulary (by use frequency) 1) All national character --- All the people use them in all kinds of conditions; (p6) 2) Jargon---It refers to the informal1 words, specialized or technically used by the people of the same trade(行业), profession(专业), art, science, etc.2 in the work3. (p7) 1.5.3.1 Native Words (Anglo-Saxon Words) (1st p10) They refer to the words that were brought into Britain when Angles and Saxons and the Jutes settled down in the Great Britain. Characteristics： They have all the characteristics that the words of the Basic Word Stock have All national character(全民性); Stability(稳定性); Productivity(产能性); Polysemy(多义性); Collocability(搭配能力强) Neutral in style-中性风格 (Textbook: … they are used by all the people, in all places, on all conditions and at all times. Therefore, they are not stylistically specific.) Frequent in use (Textbook: … native words are most frequently used in everyday speech and writing.) 1.5.3.2 Borrowed Words