高中定语从句重难点系统讲解.doc

高中定语从句讲解（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等；关系副词有when,?where,?why等。?????关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：?The?man?who?is?shaking?hands?with?my?father?is?a?policeman.该句中who?is??shaking?hands?with?my?father?是定语从句，修饰先行词the?man，?“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the?man，在定语从句中作主语。（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who??指人，在定语从句中作主语。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.????正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those?who?want?to?go?to?the?museum?must?be?at?the?school?gate?at?7?tomorrow?morning.???想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday?I?helped?an?old?man?who?had?lost?his?way.??????昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That?is?the?teacher?who?teaches?us?physics.????????那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom??指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。?Mr?Liu?is?the?person?(?whom?)?you?talked?about?on?the?bus.??????刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy?(?whom?)?I?want?to?see.??????李明正是我想要见的男孩。The?professor?(?whom?)?you?are?waiting?for?has?come.??????你正在等的教授已经来了。The?girl?(?whom?)?the?teacher?often?praises?is?our?monitor.?老师常表扬的那个女孩是我们班长。?注意：关系代词whom?在口语或非正式文体中常可用who?来代替，也可省略。???????The?man?(?whom?/?who?)you?met?just?now?is?my?old?friend. 3．Which?指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football?is?a?game?which?is?liked?by?most?boys.???足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。The?factory?which?makes?computers?is?far?away?from?here.???制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。He?likes?to?read?books?which?are?written?by?foreign?writers.???他喜欢外国作家写的书。The?house?which?is?by?the?lake?looks?nice.???湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This?is?the?pen?(?which?)?he?bought?yesterday.???这是他昨天买的钢笔。The?film?(?which?)?they?went?to?see?last?night?was?not?interesting?at?all.???他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4．That?指人时，相当于who?或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The?number?of?people?that?/?who?come?to?visit?this?city?each?year?reaches?one?million.???每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where?is?the?man?that?/?whom?I?saw?this?morning????我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The?person?that?/whom?you?introduced?to?me?is?very?kind.???你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The?season?that?/?which?comes?after?spring?is?summe