英语句法基础.doc

英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 表语（predicative） 宾语（object） 宾语补足语 ( object complement) 定语（attribute） 状语 (adverbial) 主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，代词,动词不定式,动名词,从句等,主语一般在句首。 1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist. 2) He reads newspapers everyday. 3) Two and six is eight. 4) Smoking is harmful to the health. 5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided. 谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. 2) Her father is an engineer. 3) She seemed tired. 4) Li Hua showed me his album. 宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物. 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 2) The medicine is good for a cough. 3) How many notebooks do you want? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 6) He asked me what I was going to do in summer. 宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征. 1) The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference. 2) I don’t believe the story true. 3) You should put your things in order. 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball. 表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。Tom is a handsome boy. 2.The two boys are students. 3.His boy needs Toms pen. 4.The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. 5.The boy needs a ball pen. 6.The best boy here is Tom. 7.There is nothing to do today. 8.The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 9.This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have