Race and Ethnic Relations(个人整理).doc

Race and Ethnic Relations Blacks African Americans make up the second largest racial and ethnic minority in the United States.[5] Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved blacks within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American, and South American nations, and their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term. African-American history starts in the 16th century with black Africans forcibly taken to Spanish and English colonies in America as slaves. After the United States came into being, black people continued to be enslaved and treated as inferiors. These circumstances were changed by Reconstruction, development of the black community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, the elimination of racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement. In 2008, Barack Obama was the first African American to be elected president of the United States. The geographical-origin-based term African American is commonly used interchangeably with black American, although skin-color-based terms are sometimes considered disparaging. Famous people: Barack Obama, Martin Luther King, Michael Jordan, Frederick Douglass, Michael Jackson Indians Indian Americans?are citizens of the?United States?of?Indian ancestry?and comprise about 3.18 million people, or ~1.0% of the U.S. population, the countrys?third largest?self-reported?Asian ancestral group?after?Chinese Americans?andFilipino Americans?according to?American Community Survey?of 2010 data.?The?U.S. Census Bureau?uses the term?Asian Indian?to avoid confusion with the?indigenous peoples of the Americas?commonly referred to as?American Indians. Brief History: In North America, the term?Indian?has an ambiguous meaning. In the western hemisphere (mainly?North?and?South America), historically and currently,?Indian?has been commonly used to refer to the?indigenous peoples of