特种设备事故之电梯事故浅析.doc

特种设备事故之电梯事故浅析 学院：应急管理学院 专业班级：安管12-03班 指导老师：张永领 小组成员：张兰伟(作者) 尤航建(PPT) 徐兴文(演讲） 摘 要 近年来,随着城市建设的发展,我国电梯数量逐年递增,根据电梯协会统计的数据显示,截至2011年年底,我国电梯保有量已突破200万台大关。一方面,电梯数量增幅加快,且每年以20%左右的速度在增长,其中扶梯、客梯增长尤为迅速；另一方面,有些城市虽有电梯使用年限的规定,但由于缺乏国家报废标准,地方报废年限规定缺乏权威性和可操作性,大量老旧电梯“带病”运行,超期服役现象也有不少,这些电梯存在着很多安全隐患。电梯的安全越来越受到人们的关注，掌握一些基本的电梯应急处置办法是十分有必要的。本论文将从电梯的构造及故障原因、电梯事故的处理方法和电梯事故的应急处理预案等三个方面介绍。 关键词： 电梯的构造及故障原因 电梯事故的处理方法 电梯事故的应急处理预案 ABSTRACT In recent years, with the development of urban construction, the elevator number increasing year by year, according to the elevator association, according to data by the end of 2011, Chinas elevator ownership has crossed the 2 million mark. On the one hand, the elevator number growth is accelerated, and growing at the rate of about 20% a year, including escalators, passenger lift is particularly rapid growth; Some cities, on the other hand, although have the elevator use fixed number of year, but because of the lack of national standards, local discarded regulations, a lack of authority and operability, a large number of old elevator run \germs\, extended phenomenon also has many, the elevator there are many security hidden danger. The elevator safety more and more get the attention of people, master some basic elevator emergency disposal method is very necessary. This paper will from the structure and the cause of the problem of elevator and elevator accident treatment method and the elevator accident emergency response plan and so on three aspects of the introduction. Key words : Structure and the cause of the problem of the lift elevator accident handling methods of elevator accident emergency response plan 一、电梯构造及故障原因 从电梯的构造上来说，电梯的安全部件分为四个部分：1、安全电路；2、限速器（纯机械）；3、安全钳（纯机械）；4、轿底缓冲器（纯机械。简单的说，电梯如果出现故障，首先是安全电路动作，将电梯停掉；如果安全回路坏了，电梯一旦失速，电梯的机械式限速器和安全钳就会动作，限速器和安全钳都是纯机械部件，即使没有任何电力或钢丝绳全部断掉，在电梯的速度超过电梯额定速度的15%的情况下，限速器就会带动安全钳动作，将电梯紧紧的钳在电梯导轨上，让电梯丝毫动弹不得，所以现在的电梯才被称为安全电梯；如果说电梯的安全钳和限速器都